• Colonialism in China

    The ideas determining empire in the nineteenth and the end of empire in the twentieth century, could be found in the genesis of the Portuguese empire in the sixteenth century, and the Dutch and British empires in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The monopolisation of trade by Europeans, led to a dominant core elite determined…

  • Conference in Berlin

    This article was in reply to an argument about the control of information and how that information could be secured and the parameters determining how information could be held safely. The conference was during the pandemic and held in Berlin, it was chaired by a German aid worker in Ethiopia, who was having problems securing…

  • Sudan

    “You were stabbed in the back?” “I suppose I was”, answered Jeffrey Feltman the US envoy for the Horn of Africa. A lot has been said about the coup in Sudan, but there was an inevitability that there would be a change of government. If you start from the premiss that wealth determines power, then any challenge…